Systems and methods for marking content

ABSTRACT

According to various embodiments, a content marking command is received from a mobile device at a particular time. For example, a user selection of the content marking command may be received via a user interface displayed on the mobile device. The content marking command may indicate a user interest in a particular moment of an event viewed by the user. Moreover, the event viewed by the user and video content data corresponding to the event may be identified. Further, content marking data may be generated, whether content marking data indicates a particular portion of the identified video content data corresponding to the particular moment of the event.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/646,283, filed Oct. 5, 2012, the benefit of priority of which isclaimed hereby, and which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialthat is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsover. The following notice applies to the software and dataas described below and in the drawings that form a part of thisdocument. Copyright eBay, Inc. 2012, All Rights Reserved.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to the field of electronicdata and, in one specific example, to systems and methods for markingelectronic content.

BACKGROUND

Various recording systems permit a user to record content such astelevision shows or movies displayed on a television device. Suchsystems typically record a television show or movie by receiving videocontent data corresponding to the television show or movie, and storingthis video content data on a hard drive connected to the televisiondevice. The television device may later access the video content datastored on the hard drive, to thereby playback the recorded televisionshow or movie.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation inthe figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a network diagram depicting a client-server system, withinwhich one example embodiment may be deployed.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example system, according to variousembodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIGS. 4 a and 4 b illustrate exemplary portions of user interfaces,according to various embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary data table, according to variousembodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of event information, according to variousembodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary portion of a user interface, accordingto various embodiments.

FIG. 8 depicts an example of an event timeline, a full video recordingand a compressed video recording, according to various embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of content marking data, according tovarious embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary portion of a user interface, accordingto various embodiments.

FIG. 11 b illustrates an example of content marking data, according tovarious embodiments.

FIGS. 12 a and 1 2 b illustrate exemplary portions of user interfaces,according to various embodiments.

FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary portion of a user interface, accordingto various embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary portion of a user interface, accordingto various embodiments.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIGS. 16 a and 16 b illustrate exemplary portions of user interfaces,according to various embodiments.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of device history information, accordingto various embodiments.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of content marking data, according tovarious embodiments.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIGS. 20 a and 20 b illustrate exemplary portions of user interfaces,according to various embodiments.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments.

FIG. 24 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the exampleform of a computer system within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may he executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example methods and systems for marking content are described. In thefollowing description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specificdetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofexample embodiments. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in theart that the present invention may he practiced without these specificdetails.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram depicting a client-server system 100, withinwhich one example embodiment may be deployed. A networked system 102provides server-side functionality via a network 104 (e,g., the Internetor Wide Area Network (WAN)) to one or more clients. FIG. 1 illustrates,for example, a web client 106 (e.g., a browser), and a programmaticclient 108 executing on respective client machines 110 and 112.

An Application Program Interface (API) server 114 and a web server 116are coupled to, and provide programmatic and web interfaces respectivelyto, one or more application servers 118. The application servers 118host one or more applications 120. The application servers 118 are, inturn, shown to be coupled to one or more databases servers 124 thatfacilitate access to one or more databases 126. According to variousexemplary embodiments, the applications 120 may correspond to one ormore of the modules of the system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2. While theapplications 120 are shown in FIG. 1 to form part of the networkedsystem 102, it will be appreciated that, in alternative embodiments, theapplications 120 may form part of a service that is separate anddistinct from the networked system 102.

Further, while the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 employs a client-serverarchitecture, the present invention is of course not limited to such anarchitecture, and could equally well find application in a distributed,or peer-to-peer, architecture system, for example. The variousapplications 120 could also be implemented as standalone softwareprograms, which do not necessarily have networking capabilities.

The web client 106 accesses the various applications 120 via the webinterface supported by the web server 116. Similarly, the programmaticclient 108 accesses the various services and functions provided by theapplications 120 via the programmatic interface provided by the APIserver 114.

FIG. 1 also illustrates a third party application 128, executing on athird party server machine 130, as having programmatic access to thenetworked system 102 via the programmatic interface provided by the APIserver 114. For example, the third party application 128 may, utilizinginformation retrieved from the networked system 102, support one or morefeatures or functions on a website hosted by the third party. The thirdparty website may, for example, provide one or more functions that aresupported by the relevant applications of the networked system 102.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a content marking system 200 includes aninterface module 202, an identification module 204, a content markingmodule 206, a database 208, and a playback module 210. The modules ofthe content marking system 200 may be implemented on a single devicesuch as a content marking device, or on separate devices interconnectedvia a network. The aforementioned content marking device may correspondto, for example, one of the client machines (e.g. 110, 112) orapplication server(s) 118 illustrated in FIG. 1.

According to various embodiments, the content marking system 200 allowsa user viewing an event (such as, for example, a live sporting event ora live concert) to “mark” a particular moment during the event. Such a“mark” indicates that the user is interested in that particular momentof the event, and further indicates that the user may wish to access avideo recording of the marked moment of the event at a later time. Forexample, a user attending a baseball game may realize that they were“just on TV” at a particular moment when a TV broadcast camera at thegame was pointed in their direction. As another example, perhaps anespecially memorable play occurred during a particular moment in thegame. The content marking system 200 permits the user to easily “mark”these particular moments, so that when the user later views the videorecording or broadcast footage of the game, they can directly and easilyview the “marked” moments, without having to parse through the entirevideo recording of the whole game to search for these moments ofinterest.

Accordingly, in various exemplary embodiments, when a user viewing anevent wishes to mark a particular moment of interest in the event, theuser may select a content marking command displayed on a user interfaceof the user's mobile device (such as the user's smart phone, tablet,etc.). The content marking command thus indicates the user's interest ina particular moment of the event being viewed by the user. Afterreceiving the content marking command from the user's mobile device, thecontent marking system 200 automatically identifies the event viewed bythe user (e.g., the game or concert being viewed by the user). Further,the content marking system 200 also identifies video content datacorresponding to the event, such as a video recording of the game orconcert. The content marking system 200 then generates content markingdata that may be associated with the appropriate video recording, wherethe content marking data indicates the particular portion of theidentified video recording that corresponds to the particular momentthat was marked by the user.

For example, FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 300,according to various embodiments. The method 300 may be performed atleast in part by, for example, the content marking system 200illustrated in FIG. 2 (or an apparatus having similar modules, such asclient machines 110 and 112 or application server 112 illustrated inFIG. 1). In 301, the interface module 202 receives, via a user interfacedisplayed on a mobile device, a user selection of a content markingcommand at a particular time, the content marking command indicating auser interest in a particular moment of an event viewed by a user. In302, the identification module 204 identifies the event viewed by theuser, as well as video content data corresponding to the event. In 303,the content marking module 206 generates content marking data indicatinga particular portion of the video content data (identified in 302) thatcorresponds to the particular moment of the event viewed by the user.Each of the aforementioned modules of the content marking system 200illustrated in FIG. 2 will now be described in further detail.

The interface module 202 is configured to receive a user selection of acontent marking command at a particular time. For example, FIG. 4 aillustrates an exemplary portion of a user interface 400 that may bedisplayed on a user's mobile device (e.g., client machines 110 and 112illustrated in FIG. 11). An application installed on the user's mobiledevice may display the user interface 400, and/or a server (e.g., Webserver 116 or application server 118 illustrated in FIG. 1) may transmitinformation to the user's mobile device causing the mobile device todisplay the user interface 400. The user interface 400 includes a userinterface element such as a selection button 401 entitled “Mark ThisMoment” that, when actuated, represents a content marking command.

According to various exemplary embodiments, the content marking commandindicates a user interest in a particular moment of an event viewed by auser, and further indicates that, at a later time, the user may wish toaccess a video recording of that moment in the event. As describedthroughout this disclosure, the term “event” refers broadly to anythingbeing viewed by the user. Thus, an event may correspond to a live eventat which the user is physically present. Non-limiting examples of liveevents include sporting events, concerts, comedy shows, operaperformances, dramatic performances, plays, circus performances,speeches, and on on. An event may also be anything displayed on adisplay screen (e.g., a television screen, a computer monitor,smartphone screen, a tablet screen, a screen in a movie theater, etc.)that is being viewed by a user, such as a television show, a movie, asporting event, and so on. Other examples of events are apparent tothose skilled in the art.

Accordingly, when the user selects the selection button 401 illustratedin FIG. 4 a at a particular time, the interface module 202 detects theselection or is notified of the selection of the content markingcommand. The interface module 202 obtains various information from theuser's mobile device, such as the particular time when the selectionbutton 401 was selected, and the location of the device/user at theparticular time when the selection button 401 was selected. The locationof the mobile device may be determined based on geo-location using aglobal positioning system (GPS) system of the mobile device, or based ontriangulating device position using the signal strength of nearby knowntelecommunications towers, or based on other methods, as understood bythose skilled in the art. The interface module 202 may record the userselection of the content marking command in a database table or similardata structure. For example, 5 illustrates an example of a data table500 generated by the interface module 202 that includes content markingdata that identifies various content marking commands associated with aparticular user. Each entry in the data table 500 identifies aparticular content marking command (e.g., by ID number), a particulartime when the content marking command was received, and the location ofthe device/user from which the content marking command was received. Forexample, it can be seen in FIG. 5 that content marking command 1 wasreceived on Jan. 1, 2012 at 8:38 pm, while the user was at locationcoordinates [x3, y3], while content marking command 2 was received onJan. 1, 2012 at 9:19 pm, while the user was still at locationcoordinates [x3, y3]. Data table 500 may be stored or located at, forexample, the database 208 illustrated in FIG. 2.

After the interface module 202 receives the user selection of thecontent marking command, the identification module 204 is configured toidentify the event viewed by the user (e.g., a particular sporting eventor concert) when the content marking command was received. Theidentification module 20.4 may identify the event in multiple ways.According to an exemplary embodiment, the user may simply specify theevent directly. For example FIG. 4 b illustrates a user interface screen410 displayed on the mobile device of the user, where the user interface410 allows the user to specify the event that the user is viewing (e.g.,“Red Sox vs. Yankees (Baseball)”). The identification module 204 maycause the user interface 410 to be displayed on the mobile device of theuser, after the user selects the selection button 401 in the userinterface 400 of FIG. 4 a.

According to another exemplary embodiment, it is not necessary for theuser to specify the event that the user is viewing when they submit thecontent marking command. Indeed, requiring the user to manually specifythe event may prove cumbersome and time-consuming for the user,especially if the user is utilizing a mobile device. Thus, according tovarious exemplary embodiments, the identification module 204automatically determines the event that the user is viewing, byaccessing event information that lists multiple events, as well as timesand locations associated with each of those events. For example, FIG. 6illustrates an exemplary data table or similar data structure thatincludes event information 600. Each entry in the event informationillustrated in FIG. 6 lists a live event/program. (e.g., “Red Sox vs.Yankees” baseball game), a location associated with that event (e,g.,“Fenway Park” and/or a street address or geographical co-ordinates[x3,y3]), as well as a time associated with that event (e.g., “Jan. 1,2012, 8 pm to 10 pm”). Data table 600 may be stored or located at, forexample, the database 208 illustrated in FIG. 2. The identificationmodule 204 may generate the event information 600 by collectinginformation describing various events from one or more disparatesources, such as event websites that describe events.

The identification module 204 may compare the information associatedwith a received content marking command (e.g., the time at which thecontent marking command was received, and the location of the user whenthe content marking command was received) with the event information, toidentify a match with an event in the event information and to therebydetermine the event that the user was viewing when he/she submitted thecontent marking command. For example, comparing the content marking dataillustrated in FIG. 5 and the event information illustrated in FIG. 6,the identification module 204 may determine that, since the user was atlocation [x3, y3] when they submitted content marking commands 1 and 2(where coordinates [x3, y3] may correspond to the location of “FenwayPark” where the Red Sox vs. Yankees baseball game occurred, see FIG. 6),and since the user submitted content marking commands 1 and 2 at times8:38 pm and 9:19 pm, respectively, on January it, 2012 (which matchesthe time when the Red Sox vs. Yankees baseball game was occurring—i.e.,Jan. 1, 2012, 8 pm to 10 pm, see FIG. 6), the identification module 204may determine that the event that the user was viewing when theysubmitted the content marking commands 1 and 2 was, in fact, the Red Soxvs. Yankees baseball game. The identification module 204 may optionallydisplay a user interface on the user's mobile device that requests theuser to confirm the determination of the event (e.g., see exemplary userinterface 700 in FIG. 7).

After the identification module 204 identifies the event that the userwas viewing when they submitted a content marking command, theidentification module 204 is also configured to identify video contentdata corresponding to the event. The video content data may be any videorecording of the event, such as a stored television broadcast of theevent, a streaming video of the event, and so on, as understood by thoseskilled in the art. As described in more detail below, it is possiblethat multiple video recordings of the event may exist, such as a fullvideo recording of the entire event, or a compressed video recordingincluding highlights of the event. The event information illustrated inFIG. 6 may indicate, for each event, a location where video content data(e,g., one or more video recordings) corresponding to that event may beobtained. For example, the event information may include one or morereference links (e.g., a uniform resource locator or URI) for accessingone or more video recordings of the event, where each reference linkidentifies a location (e.g., storage location associated with adatabase) where that video recording may be accessed. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 6, the event information 600 for the event “Red Soxvs. Yankees” includes a reference link “link-RedSoxYank1112” that can beused to access a full video recording of the event, and a reference link“link-RScompressed” that can be used to access a compressed videorecording of the event, as described in further detail below.

The aforementioned reference links may be links to online storagerepositories of official distributors of content related to each event,such as, for example, a sporting league or a particular televisionbroadcast network associated with the event. For example, whengenerating the event information 600, the identification module 204 maycommunicate with such official distributors, in order to obtain thereference links to the events for inclusion in the event information600. The aforementioned reference links may instead be links to storagelocations in a hard drive connected to a digital video recorder (DVR)device connected to the system 200 that has recorded various videorecordings. For example, when generating the event information 600, theidentification module 204 may scan the hard drive or recording log ofthe DVR device to determine what events have been recorded by the DVRdevice for inclusion in the event information 600.

After the identification module 204 identifies video content datacorresponding to an event that the user was viewing, the content markingmodule 206 is configured to generate content marking data indicating aparticular portion of the identified video content data that correspondsto the particular moment of the event that was marked by the user.Referring back to FIG. 5, suppose the user attending the Red Sox vs.Yankees baseball game submitted content marking command 1 at 8:38 pmbecause the user believe that they were captured by TV cameras at thegame, while the user submitted content marking command 2 at 9:1.9 pmwhen a memorable play happened during the game. An example of howcontent marking data is generated in this situation will be described inconjunction with FIGS. 8 and 9.

FIG. 8 depicts an event timeline 800 corresponding to the Red Sox vs.Yankees baseball game. As depicted by the event timeline 800, the RedSox vs. Yankees baseball game started at 8 pm and finished at 10 pm,having a duration of 2 hours. As described above and as illustrated inFIG. 8, content marking command 1 was received at 8:38 pm, while contentmarking command 2 was received at 9:19 pm. FIG. 8 also depicts a fullvideo recording 801 of the Red Sox vs. Yankees baseball game(corresponding to the video recording “link-RedSoxYank1112” illustratedin FIG. 6). The full video recording 801 is a live, real-time,uninterrupted recording of the Red Sox vs. Yankees baseball game, andtracks the baseball game exactly. Put another way, the full videorecording 801, like the baseball game, is 2 hours in duration, so thatthe events that occurred at approximately 8 pm (i.e., around thebeginning of the baseball game) will be recorded around the 0:00:00 markof the full video recording 801, while the events that occurred atapproximately 10 pm (i.e., around the end of the baseball game) will berecorded around the 2:00:00 mark of the full video recording 801.

The content marking module 206 may compare the times at which theparticular content marking commands were received (8:38 pm and 9:19 pm)with the start and end times of the game in the event information inFIG. 6 (i.e., 8 pm and 10 pm). The identification module 204 may thusdetermine that, since the game started at 8 pm and content markingcommand 1 was received at 8:38 pm, the content marking data will includea marker indicating the 0:38:00 mark of the full video recording 801.Similarly, the identification module 204 may determine that, since thegame started at 8 pm and content marking command 2 was received at 9:19pm, the content marking data will include a marker indicating the1:19:00 mark of the full video recording 801.

FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary content marking data 900 generated by thecontent marking module 206. The content marking data 900 identifies, foreach received content marking command, the event that the user attended,reference links to one or more video recordings of the event, andmarkers that signify the portions of the aforementioned video recordingsthat correspond to the moments that were marked by the user. Forexample, for the video recording “link-RedSoxYank1112” (corresponding tothe full video recording 801 illustrated in FIG. 8), one markerindicates the 0:38:00 mark of the video recording (for the moment markedby content marking command 1), and another marker indicates the 1:19:00mark of the video recording (for the moment marked by content markingcommand 2). The content marking data 900 may be stored or located at,for example, the database 208 illustrated in FIG. 2.

Turning back to FIG. 8, the content marking module 206 is alsoconfigured to generate the content markers for video recordings of theevent that may not exactly track the event. For example, it is possiblethat a video recording may be shorter in duration than an actual event,perhaps because the video recording represents a compressed broadcastand/or a broadcast focused on highlights of the event. For example, FIG.8 illustrates compressed video recording 802 that is a shortened versionof full video recording 801. In particular, portions of full videorecording 801 extending from 0:15:00 to 0:30:00 and 1:00:00 to 1:15:00(corresponding to events in the baseball game that occurred between 8:15pm and 8:30 pm, and between 9:00 pm and 9:15 pm) have been removed, inorder to generate compressed video recording 802 having a duration ofonly 1:30:00.

If the content marking module 206 accesses information indicating whichportions of the event or full video recording 801 have been removedduring the generation of the compressed video recording 802, the contentmarking module 206 may generate adjusted content markers fur thecompressed video recording 802 accordingly. For example, the contentmarking module 206 may access information indicating that, while the RedSox vs. Yankees baseball game ran from 8-10 pm, the compressed videorecording 802 does not include coverage of the event from 8:15 to 8:30pm or from 9 pm to 9:15 pm. The content marking module 206 may thereforedetermine that 15 minutes of coverage of the event between the beginningof the event (at 8 pm) and the moment when the content marking command 1is received (at 8.38 pm) is missing from the compressed video recording802. Thus, although content marking command I was received 38 minutesafter the start of the event, the moment marked by content markingcommand 1 is recorded at the 23 minute mark of the compressed videorecording 802. Thus, the content marking module 206 may determine thatthe events that occurred at 8:38 pm when content marking command 1 wassubmitted are recorded at the 0:23:00 mark of the compressed videorecording 802, and the content marking module 206 will generate a markerindicating the 0:23:00 mark of the compressed video recording 802.

Further, the content marking module 206 may determine that 30 minutes ofcoverage of the event between the beginning of the event (at 8 pm) andthe moment when the content marking command 2 is received (at 9.19 pm)is missing from the compressed video recording 802. Thus, althoughcontent marking command 2 was received 1 hour and 19 minutes after thestart of the event, the moments marked by content marking command 2 arerecorded at the 49 minute mark of the compressed video recording 802.Thus, the content marking module 206 may determine that the events thatoccurred at 9:19 pm when content marking command 2 was submitted arerecorded at the 0:49:00 mark of the compressed video recording 802, andthe content marking module 206 will generate a marker indicating the0:49:00 mark of the compressed video recording 802.

Thus, referring again to FIG. 9, the content marking data 900identifies, for each received content marking command, the event thatthe user attended, reference links to one or more video recordings ofthe event, and markers that signify the portions of the aforementionedvideo recordings that correspond to the moments that were marked by theuser. For example, for the video recording “link-RScompressed”(corresponding to the compressed video recording 802 illustrated in FIG.8), one marker indicates the 0:23:00 mark of the video recording (forthe moment marked by content marking command 1) and another markerindicates the 0:49:00 mark of the video recording (for the moment markedby content marking command 2).

Similarly, according to another exemplary embodiment, the contentmarking module 206 may take into account the fact that the videorecording of the event may start before the event actually begins(perhaps because the video recording includes pregame analysis before agame begins). Thus, the content marking module 206 may adjust themarkers in the content marking data by accessing information indicatingwhen in the video recording the event actually begins,

While the above examples refer to two video recordings of an event(i.e., a full video recording and a compressed video recording), it isapparent that there may be other examples of video recordings capturingthe moment that is of interest to the user. As one example, if themarked moment that is of interest to the user is a memorable play in asporting event, then this moment may be included in a highlight reel ofvarious memorable sporting moments (collected from different sportingevents throughout the day) in an episode of a sports news televisionprogram. If the content marking module 206 is able to access informationindicating which segments of the video recording of the episodecorrespond to various portions of the event, then the content markingmodule 206 may generate content markers for the video recording of theepisode, using the methods described above. For example, if the contentmarking module 206 accesses information indicating that 0:13:00-0:15:00of the video recording of the episode corresponds to 8:37 pm-8.39 pm ofthe Red Sox vs. Yankees baseball game, then the content marking module206 may generate a content marker indicating the 0:14:00 portion of thevideo recording of the episode corresponding to content marking commandI received at 8.38 pm.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1000, according tovarious embodiments. The method 1000 may be performed at least in partby, for example, the content marking system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2(or an apparatus having similar modules, such as client machines 110 and112 or application server 112 illustrated in FIG. 1). In 1001, theinterface module 202 receives, via a user interface displayed on mobiledevice (see FIG. 4 a), a user selection of a content marking command ata particular time. The content marking command may indicate a userinterest in a particular moment of an event viewed by a user. In 1002,the interface module 202 determines a particular location of the user,based on geo-location information received from the user's mobiledevice. In 1003, the identification module 204 accesses eventinformation (e.g., see FIG. 6) identifying multiple events, andlocations and start and end times associated with each of the events.

In 1004, the identification module 204 identifies the event viewed bythe user when they submitted the content marking command in 1001. Forexample, the event information accessed in 1003 may indicate that agiven event is associated with the particular location determined in1002 and the particular time received in 1001, indicating that thisgiven event is the event viewed by the user when they submitted thecontent marking command in 1001. Moreover, in 1004, the identificationmodule 204 identifies video content data corresponding to the determinedevent. For example, the event information accessed in 1003 may furtherinclude a reference link to the video content data corresponding to theevent (e.g., see FIG. 6). In 1005, the content marking module 206generates content marking data indicating a particular portion of thevideo content data (identified in 1004) that corresponds to theparticular moment of the event that was marked by the user in 1001. Asone example, if the event information accessed in 1003 indicates a starttime and an end time of the event, the content marking data is generatedbased on a difference between the particular time (received in 1001) andthe start time of the event.

As described in various examples above, a moment of interest to a user(e.g., a memorable play in a sporting event being viewed by the user)may be marked by a single content marking command. However, it ispossible that the underlying “moment” of interest to the user may lastanywhere from a fraction of a second to several minutes, for example. Ifthe underlying moment of interest to the user lasts for a second or afew seconds, then a single content marking command may be appropriatefor signifying the moment of interest. However, according to anotherexemplary embodiment, a moment of interest may also be marked by morethan one content marking command. For example, if the user submits twocontent marking commands within a certain time period of each other,then the interface module 202 may ask the user whether the first andsecond content marking commands define the beginning and ending,respectively, of a single moment of interest. For example, if the usersubmits a first content marking command (e.g., via the user interface400 illustrated in FIG. 4 a), and then submits a second content markingcommand (also via the user interface 400) within a certain time (e.g., 1minute) after the first content marking command, then the interfacemodule 202 may display the user interface 1100 illustrated in FIG. 11 a,requesting the user to confirm whether the first and second contentmarking commands define the beginning and ending, respectively, of asingle moment of interest. If so, then the content marking datagenerated by the content marking module 206 may indicate that the firstand second content marking commands define the beginning and ending,respectively, of a single moment of interest. For example, FIG. 11 billustrates another version of content marking data 1110 generated bythe content marking module 206 that indicates, for a given event, avideo recording of the event, as well as a beginning content marker andan ending content marker that define a portion of the video recordingthat corresponds to a marked moment.

By accessing the content marking data illustrated in FIG. 9, a playbackmodule 210 of the content marking system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 (or adistinct playback module remote from the content marking system 200) mayallow the user to easily navigate the video recording of an event, inorder to find and view footage of the moments that were marked by theuser. The aforementioned playback module or distinct playback module maycorrespond to a media player application program implemented on a mediaplayer device, such as a television set, cable set-top box, digitalvideo recorded (DVR) player, personal computing device, smartphone,tablet computer, etc. According to various exemplary embodiments, whenthe playback module 210 receives a user command to play a specific videorecording, the playback module 210 accesses the content marking dataassociated with that video recording, and displays a video playback userinterface allowing the user to navigate to specific portions of thatvideo recording specified by the associated content marking data.

For example, the playback module 210 may display the user interface 1200illustrated in FIG. 12 a, which is configured to receive a user commandto play a video recording of a particular event, such as the “Red Soxvs. Yankees” baseball game. The event options listed in the userinterface 1200 may include all events for which video recordings areavailable, or a subset of such events (e.g., only events for whichcontent marking commands have been received). If multiple differentvideo recordings of that event are available, the playback module 210may ask the user select the one video recording that the user would liketo view. For example, if the playback module 210 accesses the eventinformation illustrated in FIG. 6 or the content marking data 900illustrated in FIG. 9, the playback module 210 will determine that thereis both a full video recording and a compressed video recording of the“Red Sox versus Yankees” baseball game, and may display the userinterface 1210 illustrated in FIG. 12 b in order to solicit a userselection of one of the video recordings. Thereafter, the playbackmodule 210 accesses the content marking data 900 illustrated in FIG. 9to retrieve, if available, any content markers associated with thatvideo recording (e.g., content marker 0:38:00 and 1:19:00 associatedwith the full video recording of the “Red Sox vs. Yankees” baseballgame).

FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary portion 1300 of a video contentplayback user interface displayed by the playback module 210, after theuser has indicated that they wish to view the full video recording ofthe “Red Sox” vs. Yankees” baseball game. When the user clicks the“Bookmarks” button in FIG. 13, the user is able to see to specific frameportions of the full video recording of the event corresponding tomoments that were marked by the user. These frame portions areidentified by the playback module 210, based on the markers included. Isthe content marking data generated by the content marking module 206, asdescribed above (see FIG. 9). Thus, the user can click on the frameportion 1301 in order to commence playback of the video recording of thegame from the 0:38:00 mark of the full video recording. Similarly, theuser can click on the frame portion 1302 in order to commence playbackof the video recording of the game from the 1:19:00 mark of the fullvideo recording.

As another example, FIG. 14 illustrates another exemplary portion 1400of a video content playback user interface. In FIG. 14, the userinterface includes a time ruler/bar 1401 for selecting differentportions of the video recording (e.g., by detecting the user draggingand dropping the circular selector button 1405 in the time bar 1401). Asseen in FIG. 14, certain portions 1410, 1411 of the time bar 1401 arehighlighted, indicating portions of the full video recording of the gamecorresponding to the moments that were marked b the user. These portionsare identified by the playback module 210 based on the markers includedin the content marking data generated by the content marking system 200,as described above (see FIG. 9). The user may drag the circularselection button 1405 to the highlighted portions 1410, 1411 on the timebar 1401, or the user may simply click on the preview frames 1420, 1421near the highlighted points 1410, 1411 on the time bar 1401. In thisway, the user is able to directly and easily navigate to moments ofinterest in the full video recording. Similarly, such aspects may beapplied to the compressed video recording described in various exemplaryembodiments above,

According to an embodiment described above, if the content marking dataindicates a beginning content marker and an ending content markerdefining a portion of a video recording corresponding to a marked moment(e.g., see FIG. 11 b), then when the user clicks on the frame portions(see 1301, 1302 in FIG. 13) or preview frames (see 1420, 1421 in FIG.14), the playback module 210 will only play a specific portion of thevideo recording that starts at the beginning content marker and stops atthe ending content marker.

According to various exemplary embodiments, the content marking module206 may access a video recording of an event identified in the contentmarking data (see FIG. 9) and, based on the content markers in thecontent marking data, extract the portion of the video recordingcorresponding to the marked moment and save it as a “video clip” of themarked moment. For example, if a single content marker signifies theportion of the video recording corresponding to the marked moment, thenthe content marking module 206 may extract the portion of the videorecording proximate to the content marker (e.g., 5 seconds prior to thecontent marker to 1 minute after the content marker) to generate thevideo clip. As another example, if a beginning content marker and anending content marker indicate the portion of a video recordingcorresponding to the marked moment (e.g., see FIG. 11 b), then thecontent marking module 206 may simply extract this portion of the videoto generate the video clip. Although not illustrated in FIG. 9, a linkto such video clips may be included in the content marking data 900. Theplayback module 210 may display user interfaces (e.g., see FIGS. 12 aand 12 b) allowing the user to request playback of such video clips, andthe playback module 210 may access the link to the video clips in thecontent marking data 900 to commence playback. In this way, the user maywatch an isolated marked moment repeatedly.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1500, according tovarious embodiments. The method 1500 may be performed at least in partby, for example, the content marking system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2(or an apparatus having similar modules, such as client machines 110 and112 or application server 112 illustrated in FIG. 1). The example method1500 may be performed after, for example, the example method 1000illustrated in FIG. 10. In 1501, the playback module 210 receives a userselection of an event (e.g., see FIG. 12 a) and/or a video recording ofthat event (e.g., see FIG. 12 b). In 1502, the playback module 210accesses a video recording of the event selected by the user in 1501. In1503, the playback module 210 accesses content marking data (e.g., seeFIG. 9) associated with the video recording of the event selected by theuser in 1501. In 1504, the playback module 210 displays a video playbackuser interface to allow the user to view the video recording of theevent selected by the user in 1501. FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate exemplaryvideo playback user interfaces, which include user selectable elements(e.g., see 1301, 1302 in FIGS. 13 and 1420 and 1421 in FIG. 14) that,when actuated, commence playback of particular portions of the videorecording that are identified in the content marking data accessed in1503. In 1505, the playback module 210 receives a user selection of oneof the selectable elements in the video playback user interfacedisplayed in 1504. In 1506, the playback module 210 commences playbackof the video recording, based on the user selection received in 1505.

As described in various embodiments above, the content marking commandstransmitted by the user may indicate the user's interests in aparticular moment of an event, and that the user may wish to access avideo recording of the marked moments of the event at a later time.According to another exemplary embodiment, the content marking commandsmay in fact indicate that the user has a dislike or aversion to themoments marked by the content marking commands. Such a content markingcommand indicates that, in fact, the user does not wish to view thesemoments of the event again. For example, if the user is viewing asporting event, perhaps the user may mark a moment when the user'sfavourite player is injured, or when the user's favourite team commits amajor mistake (fumble, missed game-witting shot, etc.), in order toindicate that the user does not wish to view these moments again (e.g.,when the user is viewing a video recording of the event in the future),

For example, when the user submits the content marking command (e,g. bypressing the “mark this moment” button 401 in FIG. 4 a), the interfacemodule 202 may display the user interface 1600 illustrated in FIG. 16 a,allowing the user to indicate whether they are marking this moment forfuture reference/viewing (e.g., because they like what they viewed) orwhether they are marking this moment for “omission” during playback ofthe video recording of the event (e.g., because they do not wish to viewthe moment again). If the user indicates the latter, the interfacemodule 202 may display the user interface 1610 in FIG. 16 b, allowingthe user to request that a warning should be displayed before the markedmoment of the event is displayed. Alternatively, the user interface 1610allows the user to indicate that the marked moment can be replaced byalternate content, such a blank screen, an alternate channel specifiedby the user, a particular background picture specified by the user,another video recording (or specific portion thereof) specified by theuser, and so on, as illustrated in FIG. 16 b.

In this exemplary embodiment, the content markers generated by thecontent marking module 206 indicate moments in the event that the userdoes not wish to view. Thus, if the playback module 210 is instructed toplayback the video recording of an event (e.g., see FIGS. 12 a and 12b), then the playback module 210 plays the video recording of the event,but replaces the specific portions of the video recording identified bythe content markers with the alternate content (specified by the user inFIG. 16 b). This exemplary embodiment may be described with reference tothe example method 1000 illustrated in FIG. 10 and an example method1500 illustrated in FIG. 15. For example, in 1001, a content markingcommand is received, wherein the content marking command indicates aparticular moment of an event that the user does not wish to view again.Thereafter, operation 1002-1006 and 1501-1503 are performed as describedabove. If the user requests playback of the video recording of the eventin 1505, the playback module 210 commences playback of the videorecording in 1506, wherein the playback module 210 replaces the specificportions of the video recording identified by the content markers(generated in 1005 and accessed in 1503) by alternate content specifiedby the user.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 16 b, the user may also specify aduration for which the alternate content is to be displayed (e.g., for 3seconds or 3 minutes after the content mark marker indicating the momentmarked by the user). According to another embodiment, if the contentmarking data indicates a beginning content marker and an ending contentmarker defining a portion of a video recording corresponding to a markedmoment (see FIG. 1 b), then the playback module 210 simply displays thealternate content (specified by the user in FIG. 16 b) in place of theportion of the video recording defined by the beginning content markerand ending content marker.

As described above, the identification module 204 may determine theevent that the user is viewing by accessing event information (see FIG.6) that lists multiple events, and times and locations associated witheach of those events. This approach is particularly advantageous whenthe event being viewed by the user is a live event at which the user isphysically present, since the location of the user's mobile device willcorrespond to the location of the event, which can be used by thecontent marking system 200 to identify the event.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the content marking system200 permits the user to mark not only moments in a live event that theuser is physically attending, but also any event that the user isviewing on a screen of a display device, such as a baseball game thatthe user is watching on a TV in a sports bar, a sporting highlight reelin an episode of a sports news program that the user is watching at homeon their TV, a television show that a user is watching with friends on afriend's TV, a broadcast of a basketball game that the user is streamingonto their tablet computer or smart phone, a movie that the user iswatching on a big screen in a movie theater, and so forth. Thus, theuser may be watching an event on a display screen that may be locatedanywhere,

More specifically, the interface module 202 may utilize the location ofthe user's mobile device (from which the content marking command isreceived) to determine the particular display device located near theuser (e.g., television set, screen in a movie theatre, screen of atablet computing device, etc.) that the user is watching. The interfacemodule 202 may then determine the event being viewed by the user, byaccessing device history information of that display device,

For example, if the user location received together with the contentmarking command by the interface module 202 indicates a particular homeaddress, the interface module 202 may access information indicating whatdisplay devices are located at this home address. For example, a cabletelevision company may have information indicating whether acable-connected television set is installed at that home address and, ifso, device history information of the television set. It is apparentthat instead of a home address, the user location may correspond to abusiness address, such as a sports bar, or any other location were adisplay device may be located. For example, the user location may evenbe determined to be a particular screening room in a movie theatre. Thismovie theater may maintain information regarding the different screensin each of the screening rooms of the movie theatre, and device historyinformation for each of the screens. As another example, the userlocation may determined to be on a train, bus or plane where the user isactually viewing an event on their smart phone or tablet device. In suchcase, streaming history of the device may be utilized to determine theevent being viewed by the user.

As described throughout this disclosure, “device history information” ofa device indicates a history of what has been displayed by the device.For example, FIG. 17 illustrates exemplary device history information1700 corresponding to a particular television set. The device historyinformation 1700 indicates what broadcast event/program was displayed bythe television set at a given time, as well as links to video recordingsof each event. For example, it can be seen in FIG. 17 that thetelevision set displayed Movie 1 on channel 67 from 3:55 pm to 4 pm,Movie 2 on channel 5 from 4 pm to 5 pm, and so on. The device historyinformation illustrated in FIG. 17 is merely exemplary. For example, thedevice history information for a particular movie screen of a movietheater may indicate a history of movies being displayed on the moviescreen, as described above.

Once the interface module 202 identifies the particular display devicethat the user is viewing at the time when the content marking commandwas submitted, the identification module 204 accesses the device historyinformation of that device to determine the particular broadcastevent/program that the user was viewing at that time when the contentmarking command was submitted. For example, suppose the event beingviewed by the user is a memorable play in a highlight reel of variousmemorable sporting moments (collected from different sporting eventsthroughout the day) in an episode of a sports news television program.If the interface module 202 receives a content marking command from theuser at 7:05 pm on Jan. 2, 2012, and if the interface module 202determines that the user is watching a device associated with the devicehistory information of FIG. 17, then the identification module 204 maydetermine that the user was viewing the “Sports News TV Program”. Inthis way, the identification module 204 determines the event beingviewed by the user (“Sports News TV Program”), and also identifies videocontent data corresponding to the event (e.g., see the reference linksto the video recordings in the device history information 1700, such as“link-SportsNews1-2-12”). Thereafter, the content marking module 206 maygenerate content marking data, using the methods described above invarious exemplary embodiments. That is, if the episode of the SportsNews TV Program runs from 7 pm to 8 pm, and if the content markingmodule 206 has access to the one-hour video recording of the episode(e.g., see “link-SportsNews1-212” in FIG. 17), then the content markingmodule 206 may generate content marking data 1800 illustrated in FIG. 18that includes the content marker of “0:05:00” associated with the videorecording “fink-SportsNews1-2-12” of the Sports News TV Program.

The user can then view the portions of the video recording correspondingto the moment marked by the user, as described in various embodiments ofthis disclosure (e.g., see FIGS. 12-14). Following on from the previousexample, the content marking module 206 may access the video recording“Fox-SportsNews1-2-12” of the Sports News TV Program identified in thecontent marking data. Based on the content marker 0:05:00 in the contentmarking data associated with this video recording (see FIG. 18), thecontent marking module 206 or the playback module 210 may extract aportion of the video recording corresponding to the moment marked by theuser and save it as a “video clip” of the moment, as described invarious exemplary embodiments above. This way, the user can watch anisolated marked moment repeatedly.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1900, according tovarious embodiments. The method 1900 may be performed at least in partby, for example, the content marking system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2(or an apparatus having similar modules, such as client machines 110 and112 or application server 112 illustrated in FIG. 1.). In 1901, theinterface module 202 receives, via a user interface displayed on mobiledevice (e.g., see FIG. 4 a), a user selection of a content markingcommand at a particular time. The content marking command may indicate auser interest in a particular moment of an event viewed by a user. In1902, the interface module 202 determines a particular location of theuser, based on geo-location information received from the user's mobiledevice. In 1903, the identification module 204 accesses device historyinformation (e.g., see FIG. 17) of a display device located at theparticular location determined in 1902. The device history informationindicates a history of what has been displayed by the display device.

In 1904, the identification module 204 identifies the event viewed bythe user when they submitted the content marking command in 1901. Forexample, the device history information accessed in 1903 may indicatethat a given event was displayed by the display device at the particulartime when the user submitted the content marking command in 1901.Moreover, in 1904, the identification module 204 identifies videocontent data corresponding to the determined event. For example, thedevice history information accessed in 1903 may further include areference link to the video content data corresponding to the event.Alternatively, the identification module 204 may access a broadcastschedule that includes a reference link to the video content datacorresponding to the event. In 1905, the content marking module 206generates content marking data indicating a particular portion of thevideo content data (identified in 1904) that corresponds to theparticular moment of the event that was marked by the user in 1901. Forexample, given the event viewed by the user (as determined in 1904), abroadcast schedule, programming schedule, TV guide, or the devicehistory information may be accessed to determine the start and end timesof the event, and the content marking data is generated based on adifference between the particular time (received in 1901) and the starttime of the event. Thereafter, the content marking module 206 displays avideo content playback user interface including a selection button that,when selected, is configured to play the particular portion of the videocontent data (e.g., see FIGS. 13 and 14), based on the content markingdata generated in 1905.

As described in various embodiments, when the user desires to view anevent or program, the user may select the event/program via a userinterface (e.g., user interface 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12 a). Theplayback module 210 then accesses a link to the video recording, such asa link included in the content marking data (see FIG. 9 or FIG. 18). Ifthe link references a storage location of a hard drive connected to aDVR device of the user, then the playback module 210 may be able toimmediately access the video recording from the hard drive. On the otherhand, if the link references an official distributor of content, such asa sporting league or an official television broadcast network, then itis possible that attempting to access this link results in a responsefrom the official distributor that the user must purchase the videorecording from the official distributor. For example, after the userselects an event/program that the user desires to view via the userinterface 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12 a (where the list of potentialevents/programs may include all those identified in the content markingdata), then the playback module 210 may display the user interface 2000illustrated in FIG. 20 a, informing the user that the video recording ofthe event/program selected by the user is available for purchase in oneof various formats (e.g., DVD, Blu-ray, streaming download, etc.). Ifthe user indicates via the user interface 2000 that they wish topurchase the video recording in a particular format, the playback module210 may place an order for the video content with an officialdistributor, seller, or promoter of that video recording (e.g., asporting league or television network broadcaster).

As another example, suppose the user is watching a new release at amovie theatre, and during the movie the user wishes to mark particularmoments in the movie. It is possible that video content data of themovie is not yet available, because the movie has not yet been releasedfor download or purchase. Thus, the links in the device historyinformation for the movie theatre screen may include links to aproduction studio, distributor, vendor, etc. associated with the movie,and these links may be incorporated into the content marking data. Ifthe user specifies that they desire to view the movie (e.g., via theuser interface 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12 a), the playback module 210may display a user interface 2010 illustrated in FIG. 20 b, informingthe user that they may pre-order the movie or be notified when the movieis available for purchase. If the user selects the pre-order option, theplayback module 210 may utilize the reference links in the contentmarking data for placing a pre-order for the movie. Alternatively, ifthe user selects the “Remind me after release” option, the contentmarking system 200 may track the release date for the movie, so thatwhen the movie is released for purchase/download, the content markingsystem 200 automatically reminds the user and/or transmits a request tothe official distributor to purchase the movie.

After the purchased video recording is obtained, such as by download inthe case of a digital copy, or by mail in the case of the DVD or Blu-raycopy, the user may attempt to access the video recording (such as byselecting the digital copy in a user interface or by inserting the DVDor Blu-ray into a player device connected to the content marking system200). After the playback module 210 detects this activity, the playbackmodule 210 identifies the exact video recording being viewed (based onidentification data included in the downloaded copy, streaming copy,DVD, Blu-ray etc.), and determines whether this particular videorecording is described in the content marking data 900 (i.e., whetherthere are any content markers for this video recording). If so, then theplayback module 210 may display the video playback user interfacesdescribed in conjunction with FIGS. 13 and 14, allowing the user tonavigate to specific portions of that video recording that are specifiedby the associated content markers.

The content marking system 200 may perform the aforementioned processany time a user attempts to playback a video recording. For example, anytime the user inserts a DVD or Blu-ray disc of the video recording intoa player device or begins to play a streaming or downloaded copy of avideo recording, the playback module 210 may determine whether contentmarking data for this video recording exists. If so, the playback module210 may display the video playback user interfaces described inconjunction with FIGS. 13 and 14, allowing the user to navigate tospecific portions of that video recording that are specified by theassociated content markers.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 2100, according tovarious embodiments. The method 2100 may be performed at least in partby, for example, the content marking system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2(or an apparatus having similar modules, such as client machines 110 and112 or application server 112 illustrated in FIG. 1). In 2101, theplayback module 210 detects access of a video recording. For example,may detect a user selection of a downloaded or streaming copy of thevideo recording, or detect a user inserting a DVD or Blu-ray of thevideo recording into a player device connected to the content markingsystem 200. In 2102, the playback module 210 identifies the exact videorecording being viewed (based on identification data included in thedownloaded copy, streaming copy, DVD, Blu-ray disc, etc.), and checksthe content marking data to determine whether this particular videorecording is described in the content marking data (i.e., whether thereare any content markers for this video recording). In 2103, the playbackmodule 210 accesses the content markers in the content marking dataassociated with the video recording. In 2104, the playback module 210displays a video playback user interface described in conjunction withFIGS. 12 and 13, allowing the user to navigate to specific portions ofthat video recording that are specified by the associated contentmarkers.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the content marking system200 may analyze the portion of a video recording corresponding to amarked moment, and determine whether any products or items may beidentified in that portion of the video recording. For example, theplayback module 210 may utilize any of a number of known imagerecognition techniques to analyze the video content data (e.,g, pixels)of the video recording, in order to identify any products, productbrands, product logos, etc., in the video recording. As one example, ifthe marked portion includes a memorable play by an athlete on a sportingteam, the playback module 210 may perform an image recognition analysisof the video frames of the marked portion in order to detect a uniformbeing worn by the athlete. Other examples include recognizing aparticular vehicle, piece of furniture, piece of clothing, electronicdevice, beverage, food container, etc. If the playback module 210detects such items in the marked portion of the video recording, theplayback module 210 may present advertisements or coupons related tothese products to the user. Moreover, the playback module 210 may accesswebsites of sellers these products to allow the user to purchase suchproducts. Further, the playback module 210 may insert these productsinto a watch list, favourites list, bookmarks list, etc., associatedwith the user (or associated with a user account of the user, such as auser account on a marketplace website).

FIG. 22 is a flowchart, illustrating an example method 2200, accordingto various embodiments. The method 2200 may be performed at least inpart by, for example, the 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 (or an apparatushaving similar modules, such as client machines 110 and 112 orapplication server 112 illustrated in FIG. 1). In 2201, the playbackmodule 210 performs an image recognition analysis of a portion of avideo recording corresponding to a marked moment. In 2202, the playbackmodule 210 identifies a product in the portion of the video recordinganalyzed in 2201. In 2203, the playback module 210 displays a productrelated webpage that is in some way related to the product identified in2202. For example, the product related webpage may includeadvertisements or coupons related to identified product, or may be awebpage of a seller selling the identified product, or webpagedisplaying a watch list, favourites list, bookmarks list, etc.,including the identified product.

As described above, the identification module 204 is configured toidentify the event that the user is viewing based on, for example, eventinformation (see FIG. 6) and or device history information (see FIG.17). However, it is possible that such approach may result in theidentification module 204 determining that there are multiple possibleevents that the user may have been viewing (also referred to ascandidate events), without being able to narrow down the possibilitiesfurther. For example, if the user location of the user submitting thecontent marking command corresponds to a sports bar, the identificationmodule 204 may determine that multiple display devices (e.g., TVscreens) are actually located near the user at the particular time whenthe content marking command is received. As another example, perhaps theuser location information cannot be obtained due to some error; thus,with only the particular time associated with the content markingcommand, it may be difficult to determine which event the user isviewing. Thus, according to various exemplary embodiments, theidentification module 204 is able to identify the event that the user isviewing from among multiple candidate events, based on user preferenceinformation indicating user preferences of the user.

As described herein, user preferences refer to any interests,preferences, likes, affinities, etc., that the user may have (e.g., forone or more items, fields, activities, the objects, etc). Thepreferences of the user may be determined in multiple ways. For example,the content marking system 200 may display a user interface to the user,allowing the user to specify some of their preferences directly. Asanother example, the content marking system 200 may perform a networksearch of websites and webpages describing the user and theirpreferences (e.g., a profile page of the user, a homepage of the user,articles written by the user, a resume of the user, etc.). As anotherexample, the content marking system 200 may access a social orprofessional networking website to access information regarding the userand their preferences (e.g., by analyzing pages or profiles liked orshared by the user, by analyzing status updates, comments, or posts ofthe user, and the like). As another example, the content marking system200 may access purchase history information of the user in order todetermine items or services that the user has previously purchased. Eachof the aforementioned sources of information may provide insights intothe preferences of the user, such as whether the user has a demonstratedinterest in a particular sporting team, TV show, movie, and so on.

Thus, if the identification module 204 has multiple candidate eventsthat the user may have viewed, the identification module 204 may filterthese events using the user preference information, to determine theparticular event that the user was viewing. For example, if the eventinformation (see, e.g., FIG. 6) for a particular time indicates thatboth a baseball game and a boat show was taking place, and if thepreference information for the user indicates a demonstrated interest inbaseball (but not boats), then the identification module 204 maydetermine that the baseball game is, in fact, the event that the userwas viewing.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the identification module 204may filter the list of candidates events based on user viewing historyinformation indicating previous events viewed by the user. For example,the aforementioned “user viewing history information” may correspond tothe device history information (see, e.g., FIG. 17) for a television setof the user, which indicates what programs the user has viewed and when.Moreover, the aforementioned “user viewing history information” maycorrespond to the content marking data (see, e.g., FIG. 9) thatidentifies events that were previously viewed by the user when contentmarking commands were submitted. The identification module 204 mayperform data analysis on this information to determine whatprograms/events the user tends to view under various conditions.

For example, the identification module 204 may determine that on weekdayafternoons the user tends to watch a particular daytime soap opera TVshow, whereas on Sunday afternoons the user tends to watch baseballgames including the Red Sox baseball team. Using this information, theidentification module 204 may determine that if the user is viewing anevent on a Sunday afternoon and there are multiple candidate events atthis time (including one or more baseball games), then theidentification module 204 may assume that the user is watching thebaseball game including the Red Sox baseball team. As another example,the identification module 204 may determine that whenever the user is ata particular location (e.g., a particular sports bar), the user tends towatch baseball games including the Red Sox baseball team. Using thisinformation, the identification module 204 may determine that if theuser is viewing an event at the sports bar, and there are multiplecandidate events at this time/location (including one or more baseballgames), then the identification module 204 may assume that the user iswatching the baseball club game including the Red Sox baseball team. Asanother example, the identification module 204 may determine that theuser has watched every baseball game this season that includes the RedSox baseball team, regardless of when these games occur. Using thisinformation, the identification module 204 may determine that if theuser is viewing an event and there are multiple candidate events at thistime/location, one of which is a baseball game including the Red Soxbaseball team, then the identification module 204 may assume that theuser is watching the baseball game including the Red Sox baseball team.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 2300, according tovarious embodiments. The method 2300 may be performed at least in partby, for example, the content marking system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2(or an apparatus having similar modules, such as client machines 110 and112 or application server 112 illustrated in FIG. 1). The method 2300may replace, for example, operation 302 in FIG. 3, operation 1004 inFIG. 10, or operation 1904 in FIG. 19. In 2301, the identificationmodule 204 identifies a list of candidate events, one of whichcorresponds to an event being viewed by user when the content markingcommand was submitted. In 2302, the identification module 204 filtersthe list of candidate events, based on user preference informationindicating user preferences of the user. In 2303, the identificationmodule 204 filters the list of candidate events, based on the userviewing history information indicating previous events viewed by theuser. In 2304, the identification module 204 identifies the event thatthe user was viewing, after the list of candidate events is filtered in2302 and/or 2303. The identification module 204 may optionally display auser interface screen asking the user to confirm the determined event(see, e.g., FIG. 7). In 2304, the identification module 204 may alsoidentify video content data corresponding to the determined event.

Modules, Components and Logic

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied (1) on a non-transitorymachine-readable medium or (2) in a transmission signal) orhardware-implemented modules. A hardware-implemented module is tangibleunit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured orarranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or morecomputer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system)or one or more processors may be configured by software (e.g., anapplication or application portion) as a hardware-implemented modulethat operates to perform certain operations as described herein.

In various embodiments, a hardware-implemented module may be implementedmechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware-implementedmodule may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanentlyconfigured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware-implementedmodule may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry e.g., asencompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmableprocessor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certainoperations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement ahardware-implemented module mechanically, in dedicated and permanentlyconfigured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g.,configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the term “hardware-implemented module” should be understoodto encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarily ortransitorily configured programmed) to operate in a certain mannerand/or to perform certain operations described herein. Consideringembodiments in which hardware-implemented modules are temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware-implemented modulesneed not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. Forexample, where the hardware-implemented modules comprise ageneral-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purposeprocessor may be configured as respective different hardware-implementedmodules at different times. Software may accordingly configure aprocessor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware-implementedmodule at one instance of time and to constitute a differenthardware-implemented module at a direct instance of time.

Hardware-implemented modules can provide information to, and receiveinformation from, other hardware-implemented modules. Accordingly, thedescribed hardware-implemented modules may be regarded as beingcommunicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware-implementedmodules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved throughsignal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) thatconnect the hardware-implemented modules. In embodiments in whichmultiple hardware-implemented modules are configured or instantiated atdifferent times, communications between such hardware-implementedmodules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrievalof information in memory structures to which the multiplehardware-implemented modules have access. For example, onehardware-implemented module may perform an operation, and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware-implemented module may then,at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process thestored output. Hardware-implemented modules may also initiatecommunications with input or output devices, and can operate on aresource (e.g., a collection of information).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modulesreferred to herein may, in some example embodiments, compriseprocessor-implemented modules.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of amethod may be performed by one or processors or processor-implementedmodules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributedamong the one or more processors, not only residing within a singlemachine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some exampleembodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a singlelocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as aserver farm), while in other embodiments the processors may bedistributed across a number of locations.

The one or more processors may also operate to support performance ofthe relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of theoperations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples ofmachines including processors), these operations being accessible via anetwork (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces(e.g., Application Program Interfaces (APIs).)

Electronic Apparatus and System

Example embodiments may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry,or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them.Example embodiments may be implemented using a computer program product,e.g., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier,e.g., in a machine-readable medium for execution by, or to control theoperation of, data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor,a computer, or multiple computers.

A computer program can be written in any form of programming language,including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed inany form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, subroutine,or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computerprogram can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiplecomputers at one site or distributed across multiple sites andinterconnected by a communication network.

In example embodiments, operations may be performed by one or moreprogrammable processors executing a computer program to performfunctions by operating on input data and generating output, :Methodoperations can also be performed by, and apparatus of exampleembodiments may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry,e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC).

The computing system can include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other. Inembodiments deploying a programmable computing system, it will beappreciated that that both hardware and software architectures requireconsideration. Specifically, it will be appreciated that the choice ofwhether to implement certain functionality in permanently configuredhardware (e.g., an ASIC), in temporarily configured hardware (e.g., acombination of software and a programmable processor), or a combinationof permanently and temporarily configured hardware may be a designchoice. Below are set out hardware (e.g., machine) and softwarearchitectures that may be deployed, in various example embodiments.

Example Machine Architecture and Machine-Readable Medium

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of machine in the example form of a computersystem 2400 within which instructions, for causing the machine toperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may beexecuted. In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as astandalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to othermachines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in thecapacity of a server or a client machine in server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine may be a personal computer (PC), atablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), acellular telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge,or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 2400 includes a processor 2402 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) orboth), a main memory 2404 and a static memory 2406, which communicatewith each other via a bus 2408. The computer system 2400 may furtherinclude a video display unit 2410 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 2400 also includes analphanumeric input device 2412 (e.g., a keyboard or a touch-sensitivedisplay screen), a user interface (Ulf) navigation device 2414 (e.g., amouse), a disk drive unit 2416, a signal generation device 2418 (e.g., aspeaker) and a network interface device 2420.

Machine-Readable Medium

The disk drive unit 2416 includes a machine-readable medium 2422 onwhich is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures(e.g., software) 2424 embodying or utilized by any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 2424 mayalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory2404 and/or within the processor 2402 during execution thereof by thecomputer system 2400, the main memory 2404 and the processor 2402 alsoconstituting machine-readable media.

While the machine-readable medium 2422 is shown in an example embodimentto be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include asingle medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributeddatabase, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one ormore instructions or data structures. The term “machine-readable medium”shall also be taken to include any tangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machineand that cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies of the present invention, or that is capable of storing,encoding or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with suchinstructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly betaken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, andoptical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine-readable mediainclude non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductormemory devices, e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM),Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and flashmemory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removabledisks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks,

Transmission Medium

The instructions 2424 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network. 2426 using a transmission medium. Theinstructions 2424 may be transmitted using the network interface device2420 and any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g.,HTTP). Examples of communication networks include a local area network(“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), the Internet, mobile telephonenetworks, Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless datanetworks (e.g., WiFi and WiMax networks). The term “transmission medium”shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine,and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible media to facilitate communication of such software.

Although an embodiment has been described with reference to specificexample embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications andchanges may be made to these embodiments without departing from thebroader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, thespecification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative ratherthan a restrictive sense. The accompanying drawings that form a parthereof, show by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specificembodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. Theembodiments illustrated are described in sufficient detail to enablethose skilled the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein. Otherembodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structuraland logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing fromthe scope of this disclosure. This Detailed Description, therefore, isnot to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of variousembodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with thefurther range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred toherein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merelyfor convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope ofthis application to any single invention or inventive concept if morethan one is in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments havebeen illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substitutedfor the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to coverany and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in theart upon reviewing the above description.

1. A system comprising: a device including a memory and at least oneprocessor; an interface module, executable by the device, configured toreceive an omission marking command at a particular time indicating aparticular moment of a live event viewed by a user; an identificationmodule implemented by one or more processors and configured to identifythe live event viewed by the user and video content data correspondingto the event; a content marking module configured to generate omissionmarking data indicating a particular portion of the identified videocontent data corresponding to the particular moment of the live event;and a playback module configured to omit, in response to user command toplayback the video content data, the particular portion frompresentation during the playback of the video content data.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the interface module is further configuredto: in response to receiving the omission marking command, display auser interface configured to allow the user to select an alternativecontent to be displayed.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the playbackmodule is further configured to: present the selected alternativecontent for the indicated particular portion of the identified videocontent instead of an original content associated with the indicatedparticular portion.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the identificationmodule is further configured to: determining a particular location ofthe user, based on geo-location information received from the mobiledevice; and access live event information indicating that the live eventis associated with the particular location and the particular time. 5.The system of claim 4, wherein the live event information furtherincludes a reference link to the video content data corresponding to thelive event.
 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the live event informationindicates a start time and an end time of the live event, and whereinthe content marking module generates the content marking data based on adifference between the particular time and the start time of the liveevent.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the identification module isfurther configured to: determine a particular location of the user,based on geo-location information received from the device; and accessdevice history information indicating that the live event was displayedat the particular time on a display device located at the particularlocation.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the device historyinformation or a broadcast schedule identifies a reference link to thevideo content data corresponding to the live event.
 9. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the identification module is configured to identify thelive event viewed by the user from among a plurality of candidateevents, based on user preference information indicating user preferencesof the user.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the identificationmodule is configured to identify the live event viewed by the user fromamong a plurality of candidate events, based on user viewing historyinformation indicating previous events viewed by the user.
 11. A methodcomprising: receiving an omission marking command at a particular timeindicating a particular moment of a live event viewed by a user;identifying the live event viewed by the user and video content datacorresponding to the event; generating, using one or more processors,omission marking data indicating a particular portion of the identifiedvideo content data corresponding to the particular moment of the liveevent; and omitting, in response to user command to playback the videocontent data, the particular portion from presentation during theplayback of the video content data.
 12. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising: in response to receiving the omission marking command,displaying a user interface configured to allow the user to select analternative content to be displayed.
 13. The method of claim 12, furthercomprising: presenting the selected alternative content for theindicated particular portion of the identified video content instead ofan original content associated with the indicated particular portion.14. The method of claim 11, wherein the live event viewed by the user isidentified by: determining a particular location of the user, based ongeo-location information received from the mobile device; and accessinglive event information indicating that the live event is associated withthe particular location and the particular time.
 15. The method of claim14, wherein the live event information further includes a reference linkto the video content data corresponding to the live event.
 16. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the live event information indicates a starttime and an end time of the live event, and wherein the content markingdata is generated based on a difference between the particular time andthe start time of the live event.
 17. The method of claim 11, whereinthe live event viewed by the user is identified by: determining aparticular location of the user, based on geo-location informationreceived from the mobile device; and accessing device historyinformation indicating that the live event was displayed at theparticular time on a display device located at the particular location.18. The method of claim 17, wherein the device history information or abroadcast schedule identifies a reference link to the video content datacorresponding to the live event.
 19. The method of claim 11, wherein thelive event viewed by the user is identified from among a plurality ofcandidate events, based on user preference information indicating userpreferences of the user.
 20. A non-transitory machine-readable storagemedium having embodied thereon instructions executable by one or moremachines to perform operations comprising: receiving an omission markingcommand at a particular time indicating a particular moment of a liveevent viewed by a user; identifying the live event viewed by the userand video content data corresponding to the event; generating omissionmarking data indicating a particular portion of the identified videocontent data corresponding to the particular moment of the live event;and omitting, in response to user command to playback the video contentdata, the particular portion from presentation during the playback ofthe video content data.